Nicolas Poussin, Acis and Galatea concealed from the flute-playing Polyphemus, 1630. up” postcard and orders a Guinness from the bartender. Polyphemus prays to his father, Poseidon, for revenge and casts huge rocks towards the ship, which Odysseus barely escapes. d’Huy Julien (2015). Shortly afterwards George Frideric Handel worked in that country and composed the cantata Aci, Galatea e Polifemo (1708), laying as much emphasis on the part of Polifemo as on the lovers. [74] On this the French composer Jean Cras based his operatic ‘lyric tragedy’, composed in 1914 and first performed in 1922. The reason for his rage is depicted in J. M. W. Turner's painting, Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus (1829). Odyssey, epic poem in 24 books traditionally attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer. Bloom is trying to The citizen dominates the conversation, recalling hanged Dithyrambographi Graeci, 1", "François Tristan L'HERMITE - Poète - "Polyphème en furie, "Naumann: Aci e Galatea/Bernius/Stuttgart", "Golden Polyphemus (Brindle) and Riddle of the guitar (Lorca) - Generation of '27 – Part 5", "polyphemus moth - Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer)", "Representing the Aristocracy: The Operatic Hadyn and, Online version at the Perseus Digital Library, Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Polyphemus and Galatea depicted in statues with a golden harpsichord by Michele Todini, Rome, 1675, Polyphemus standing at the top of a cliff, Jean-Léon Gérôme, 1902, at Wikipaintings, "Odysseus Deriding Polyphemus", J.M.W. a freemason. This poem begins where "The Iliad" left off, which is after the Trojan War ends. You can view our. — to imitate the Cyclops and, swinging my feet to and fro like this, to lead you in the dance. The Cyclops creatures were lawless, without culture, and ate humans when available. That the story sometimes had a more successful outcome for Polyphemus is also attested in the arts. A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality study guides that feature detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, quotes, and essay topics. (Homer, Book IX) Odysseus introduces himself and his men to the Cyclops as essentially being mass murderers, and they expect that the Cyclops will present them with gifts and offerings for these deeds. [66] Later in the century, Jean-Baptiste Lully composed his opera Acis et Galatée (1686) on the theme. The poem was written to be performed as a dithyramb, of which only fragments have survived, and was perhaps the first to provide a female love interest for the Cyclops. [5] In his Latin epic, Virgil describes how Aeneas observes blind Polyphemus as he leads his flocks down to the sea. Later Classical writers presented him in their poems as heterosexual and linked his name with the nymph Galatea. There two herdsmen engage in a musical competition, one of them playing the part of Polyphemus, who asserts that since he has adopted the ruse of ignoring Galatea, she has now become the one who pursues him.[51]. Odysseus tells the Phaeacians who he is and then begins to tell the story of his travels home from the Trojan War: After leaving Troy, Odysseus and his men come to Ismarus, the land of the Cicone peoples. [59] But on her return, Galatea changes her dead lover into the spirit of the Sicilian river Acis.[60]. [34], The romantic element, originated by Philoxenus, was revived by later Hellenistic poets, including Theocritus, Callimachus, Hermesianax,[40] and Bion of Smyrna. [42] His works are titled Idylls and of these Idyll XI tells the story of the Cyclops' love for Galatea. [43] Though the character of Polyphemus derives from Homer, there are notable differences. The Odyssey Book 9 The Cyclops Lyrics In this passage, Odysseus and his men have just escaped the land of the Lotus-eaters, where they given fruit causing the crew to forget about going home. The story reappears in later Classical literature. [82], A species of burrowing tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, is named after Polyphemus because of their both using subterranean retreats.[83]. [63], That their conjunction was fruitful is also implied in a later Greek epic from the turn of the 5th century AD. Cyclops Analysis. There Doris, one of Galatea's sisters, spitefully congratulates her on her love conquest and she defends Polyphemus. An earlier fresco by Giulio Romano from 1528 seats Polyphemus against a rocky foreground with a lyre in his raised right hand. —They were equal.[1]. A nation is the A passage in the The Odyssey begins with an introduction that presents the theme and the protagonist of the work, Odysseus, emphasizing the wrath of Poseidon towards him. tries to buy Bloom a drink, but Bloom politely refuses. loudly at the cruelty of God to take Dignam away. Odysseus had meanwhile hardened a wooden stake in the fire and drives it into Polyphemus' eye. [47] His longing is to overcome the antithetic elements that divide them, he of earth and she of water:[47], Ah me, would that my mother at my birth had given me gills, That so I might have dived down to your side and kissed your hand, If your lips you would not let me…, The love of the mismatched pair was later taken up by other pastoral poets. When Polyphemus shouts for help from his fellow giants, saying that "Nobody" has hurt him, they think Polyphemus is being afflicted by divine power and recommend prayer as the answer. [75] The Spanish composer Andres Valero Castells takes the inspiration for his Polifemo i Galatea from Gongora's work. It is during this episode that Odysseus' judgment comes into question. That is portrayed in earlier paintings of Polyphemus casting a rock at the fleeing lovers, such as those by Annibale Carracci, Lucas Auger and Carle van Loo. The satyr play of Euripides is dependent on this episode apart from one detail; for comic effect, Polyphemus is made a pederast in the play. 4. Summary ; Cyclops Analysis; Study Guide. [62], There are indications that Polyphemus’ courtship also had a more successful outcome in one of the dialogues of Lucian of Samosata. Polyphemus is portrayed, as it often happens, with two empty eye sockets and his damaged eye located in the middle on his forehead. He stands poised, having already thrown one stone, which barely misses the ship. of Molly—the narrator knows a fair amount about the Blooms, thanks [22] In the poem, Polyphemus is not a cave dwelling, monstrous brute, as in the Odyssey, but instead he is rather like Odysseus himself in his vision of the world: He has weaknesses, he is adept at literary criticism, and he understands people.[23]. The Odyssey Summary Next. The poem is the story of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, who wanders for 10 years (although the action of the poem covers only the final six weeks) trying to get home after the Trojan War. [nb 6] Initially composed in 1718, the work went through many revisions and was later to be given updated orchestrations by both Mozart and Mendelssohn. My hand was on my sword, eager to stab some vital spot. This may be an interpretation of an existing composition, and was apparently repeated in variations in later Imperial palaces by Claudius, Nero and at Hadrian's Villa.[8]. The narrator disgustedly In the course of his Dionysiaca, Nonnus gives an account of the wedding of Poseidon and Beroe, at which the Nereid "Galatea twangled a marriage dance and restlessly twirled in capering step, and she sang the marriage verses, for she had learnt well how to sing, being taught by Polyphemos with a shepherd’s syrinx."[64]. In one of the murals rescued from the site of Pompeii, Polyphemus is pictured seated on a rock with a cithara (rather than a syrinx) by his side, holding out a hand to receive a love letter from Galatea, which is carried by a winged Cupid riding on a dolphin. Other parallels with the Odyssey are quite explicit and determine several of this episode’s motifs. Of the European painters of the subject, the Flemish Jacob Jordaens depicted Odysseus escaping from the cave of Polyphemus in 1635 (see gallery below) and others chose the dramatic scene of the giant casting boulders at the escaping ship. The same trope of music being the cure for love was introduced by Callimachus in his Epigram 47: "How excellent was the charm that Polyphemus discovered for the lover. Most notably the story takes place within a pastoral landscape in which the figures are almost incidental. to get a drink at Barney Kiernan’s pub so Hynes can tell the citizen [10] In 1857, Wilhelm Grimm collected versions in Serbian, Romanian, Estonian, Finnish, Russian, German, and others; versions in Basque, Lappish, Lithuanian, Gascon, Syriac, and Celtic are also known. The atmosphere here is lighter and enlivened by the inclusion of the clowns Momo and Tisbe. When Polyphemus declares his love in the lyric “O ruddier than the cherry”, the effect is almost comic. and his dog, Garryowen. [34] It also contains lines and phrases taken directly from the Cyclops. style of old Celtic sagas describes the marketplace they walk past [74], There have also been two Spanish musical items that reference Polyphemus' name. Previous Next . [1] Polyphemus first appeared as a savage man-eating giant in the ninth book of the Odyssey. Gustave Moreau, Polyphemus adores the sleeping Galatea, c.1896, Polyphemus is mentioned in the "Apprentice" chapter of Albert Pike's Morals and Dogma (1871), as, within Scottish Rite Freemasonry, Polyphemus is regarded as a symbol for a civilization that harms itself using ill directed blind force. Later in the century Joseph Haydn composed Acide e Galatea (1763) as his first opera while in Vienna. After a time, a Cyclops, whose name was Polyphemus, returned to the cave. The men advise Odysseus to snatch some of the food and hurry off, but, to his and his … Writing more than three centuries after the Odyssey is thought to have been composed, Philoxenus of Cythera took up the myth of Polyphemus in his poem Cyclops or Galatea. Cras took Samain's text almost unchanged, subdividing the play's two acts into four and cutting a few lines from Polyphemus' final speech. Arnold Bocklin, Polyphemus attempts to crush the boat of the escaping Odysseus, Polyphemus hears of the arrival of Galatea, Fourth Style, 45–79 AD. "The Odyssey" is an epic poem written by Homer in 700 B.C. At a divine council on Mount Olympus, Athena pleads with her father, Zeus, … By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. of Acis was the stronger. Excerpts from Jean-Baptiste Lully's 1686 opera, "Julien d'Huy - Polyphemus (Aa. The giant himself is an indistinct shape barely distinguished from the woods and smoky atmosphere high above. Folktales similar to that of Homer's Polyphemus are a widespread phenomenon throughout the ancient world. [79], French sculptors have also been responsible for some memorable versions. The vivid nature of the Polyphemus episode made it a favorite theme of ancient Greek painted pottery, on which the scenes most often illustrated are the blinding of the Cyclops and the ruse by which Odysseus and his men escape. punishment. Irish nationalists. From their union came the ancestors of various wild and war-like races. With that, he falls into a drunken sleep. appears is described. The beverage They have encountered Achaemenides, who re-tells the story of how Odysseus and his men escaped, leaving him behind. [70] Johann Gottlieb Naumann was to turn the story into a comic opera, Aci e Galatea, with the subtitle i ciclopi amanti (the amorous cyclops). and wonders with hostility what he is doing—he refers to Bloom as His great roar of frustration brings the rest of the Cyclopes down to the shore as Aeneas draws away in fear.[6]. This combines with the Calypso episode and employs special effects. While I pursued him with a constant love, Nicolas Poussin's pastoral "Landscape with Polyphemus", 1649. After making a meal of wild goats captured on an island offshore, they cross to the mainland. Odysseus withholds his identity for as long as he … Hynes orders another round. The Cyclops playing such a sophisticated and fashionable instrument would have been quite a surprising juxtaposition for Philoxenus' audience. He and his men are not strong enough to move the stone covering the door. [2] In the work of even later authors, however, he is presented as both a successful lover and skilled musician. 1137) - NMC", "Review of: Philoxeni Cytherii Testimonia et Fragmenta. While the Phaeacians are civilized and peace loving, the Cyclops have no laws, no councils, and no interest in civility or hospitality. The giant is tortured by hearing the happy voices of Galatea and Acis as they pursue their love duet. to Pisser Burke, who has a connection to them. But I realized that only he could unstopper the mouth of the cave. [73] Shortly afterwards Albert Samain wrote the 2-act verse drama Polyphème with the additional character of Lycas, Galatea's younger brother. According to some accounts, the Celts (Galati in Latin, Γάλλοi in Greek) were descended from their son Galatos,[61] while Appian credited them with three children, Celtus, Illyrius and Galas, from whom descend the Celts, the Illyrians and the Gauls respectively. same people living in the same place. The blinded Polyphemus seeks vengeance on Odysseus: That Polyphemus' love for Galatea is "possibly" a Philoxenus innovation. We've got almost ten years to cover here. Above is crouched the figure of Polyphemus in weathered bronze, peering down at the white marble group of Acis and Galatea embracing below (see above). When the giant Polyphemus returns home with his flocks, he blocks the entrance with a great stone and, scoffing at the usual custom of hospitality, eats two of the men. An example of a such a story is one from Georgia, in the Caucasus, which describes several brothers held prisoner by a giant one-eyed shepherd called "One-eye". The Cyclops - called Polyphemus - is a giant, with one eye in the middle of his forehead and he's the son of Poseidon, god of the sea. He fails to … Bloom explains he is meeting There they immediately come upon a cave full of sheep and crates of milk and cheese. The blinding was depicted in life-size sculpture, including a giant Polyphemus, in the Sperlonga sculptures probably made for the Emperor Tiberius. By Earth, the Cyclops was no fool! Originally written for brass band in 2001, he rescored it for orchestra in 2006.[76]. But come on, children, shout and shout again the songs of bleating sheep and smelly goats. [37][38] As a solo performer leading a chorus that sings and dances, Cario recreates the form of a dithyramb. In Spain Luis de Góngora y Argote wrote the much admired narrative poem, Fábula de Polifemo y Galatea, published in 1627. 5 years ago . [81], The Polyphemus moth is so named because of the large eyespots in the middle of the hind wings. "[52] The division of contrary elements between the land-based monster and the sea nymph, lamented in Theocritus’ Idyll 11, is brought into harmony by this means. You have even combed Other paintings take up the Theocritan theme of the pair divided by the elements with which they are identified, land and water. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. among other things. Odysseus introduces himself and begins his story, starting with the moment his men leave Troy. The narrator is bitter that The Cyclops are a people outside of civilization: they do not recognize any human or divine justice, nor do they have any sort of social structures (such as farms or councils). are careful of appearance, and you try The visionary interpretation of the story also finds its echo in Odilon Redon's 1913 painting The Cyclops in which the giant towers over the slope on which Galatea sleeps. prose describes the public spectacle of a martyr’s hanging. says Bloom. [24][25] Philoxenus lived in that city and was the court poet of Dionysius I. [12][nb 1] The consensus of current modern scholarship is that these "Polyphemus legends" preserve traditions predating Homer.[14][15][16][17][18][19]. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Flemish Jacob Jordaens' depiction of Odysseus escaping from the cave of Polyphemus, 1635. the Cyclops followed me as constantly. The Phaeacians once lived near the Cyclops but moved to Scheria to avoid the lawless brutes. In 1819 appeared "The Death of Acis" by Bryan Procter, writing under the name of Barry Cornwall. "Polyphemus, a Palaeolithic Tale?" The play was first performed posthumously in 1904 with incidental music by Raymond Bonheur. with narrow-minded nationalistic sentiments. Another variation on the theme was painted by Pietro Dandini during this period. The story begins twenty years after Odysseus left to fight in the Trojan War, and ten years after he began his journey home to Ithaca. Bob Doran (a character from Dubliners) rails loudly at the cruelty of God to take Dignam away. At the other end of the century, there was Alfred Austin's dramatic poem "Polyphemus", which is set after the murder and transformation of the herdsman. Book 1. After the giant returns in the evening and eats two more of the men, Odysseus offers Polyphemus some strong and undiluted wine given to him earlier on his journey. [78] The giant spies on Galatea through the wall of a sea grotto or emerges from a cliff to adore her sleeping figure (see below). Bloom launches into an explanation of How do Odysseus and his men escape the Cyclops Polyphemus? The narrator disgustedly notes that Doran is on his annual drinking binge. Bloom enters—he is supposed to meet Martin Cunningham. Note: In translating the Odyssey, Fitzgerald spelled Greek names to suggest the sound of the original Greek. Where Polyphemus had failed, the poet declares, Bion's greater artistry had won Galatea's heart, drawing her from the sea to tend his herds. about the foot-and-mouth disease cattle meeting. Arriving at the pub, they greet the citizen Helios (hè» lè äs«) sun god. Typical examples of this were painted by François Perrier, Giovanni Lanfranco and Jean-Baptiste van Loo. We passed a miserable night and then watched the Cyclops make breakfast of two more of our companions. A final theme is the rage that succeeds the moment of discovery. Their princess, Nausicaa, who has a crush on the handsome warrior, opens the palace to the stranger. A reenactment of Giovanni Bononcini's 1703 one-act opera, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polyphemus&oldid=1014962881, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Achaemenides is taken aboard Aeneas’ vessel and they cast off with Polyphemus in chase. [11] More than two hundred different versions have been identified,[10] from around twenty five nations, covering a geographic region extending from Iceland, Ireland, England, Portugal and Africa to Arabia, Turkey, Russia, and Korea. The Odyssey: The Cyclops Chance, Kyron, Hesston The cyclops not being able to see now lets out his sheep not knowing that Odysseus and his men are hiding underneath the sheep. [65] It was written in homage to an earlier and rather shorter narrative with the same title by Luis Carillo y Sotomayor (1611). Polyphemus and Galatea, Roman mosaic from 2nd century AD. Often he was portrayed as unsuccessful in these, and as unaware of his disproportionate size and musical failings. Here the ship sails forward as the sun breaks free of clouds low on the horizon. [nb 4] The story was also given operatic treatment in the very popular zarzuela of Antoni Lliteres Carrió (1708). Th. Jean-Francois de Troy's 18th-century version combines discovery with aftermath as the giant perched above the lovers turns to wrench up a rock. Thanks for exploring this SuperSummary Study Guide of “The Odyssey” by Homer, Transl. Listed among the examples he mentions is that "Even Galatea, it’s true, below wild Etna, wheeled her brine-wet horses, Polyphemus, to your songs. Corneille Van Clève [fr] (1681) represents a seated Polyphemus in his sculpture, except that in his version it is pipes that the giant holds in his lowered hand. For the best answers, search on this site https://shorturl.im/LeAbA. The Odyssey Book 9. Alf Bergan enters, laughing at Denis Breen, who is walking Anonymous. They raid the city and kill the men, and Odysseus then divides the … The text is on the Stanford University site. In the morning, the blind Cyclops lets the sheep out to graze, feeling their backs to ensure that the men are not escaping. make a fine point about hangings, but the citizen interrupts him While Ovid’s treatment of the story that he introduced into the Metamorphoses[53] is reliant on the idylls of Theocritus,[nb 3] it is complicated by the introduction of Acis, who has now become the focus of Galatea’s love. 1 "The Cyclops". [nb 8] Designed for an imperial wedding, it was given a happy ending centred on the transformation scene after the murder of Acis as the pair declare their undying love. Cunningham to visit Mrs. Dignam. The citizen is described at length, mock-heroically. [55], In his own character, too, Polyphemus mentions the transgression of heavenly laws that once characterised his actions and is now overcome by Galatea: "I, who scorn Jove and his heaven and his piercing lightning bolt, submit to you alone. As he sails off with his men, Odysseus boastfully reveals his real name, an act of hubris that was to cause problems for him later. [29][30][31], The text of Aristophanes' last extant play Plutus (Wealth) has survived with almost all of its choral odes missing. In Book 9 of the Odyssey, Odysseus describes his adventures in the land of the one-eyed Cyclopes. Acis and Galatea- Polyphemus: 'O ruddier than the cherry' by G.F. Handel, There is a performance of Polifemo’s aria, sfn error: no target: CITEREFTheocritus1889 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Eck,_Bussels,_Delbeke,_Pieters2012 (, Polyphemos reclining and holding a drinking bowl. For example, Fitzgerald’s “Kirkê,” “Kyklops,” and “Seirênês” are spelled here as “Circe,” “Cyclops,” and “Sirens.” 3. This episode shows the dark side of Odysseus's vainglory: his greed and his thirst for adventure overtake his good sense and cost several men their lives. Reginald Smith Brindle's four fragments for guitar, El Polifemo de Oro (1956), takes its title from Federico García Lorca's poem, “The riddle of the guitar”. From the conversation, one understands that Doris is chiefly jealous that her sister has a lover. With Athena's help, Odysseus reaches the Phaeacians. Alan Griffin calls Ovid's treatment "an extended paraphrase of Theocritus' two idylls.". He was also an anarchist, as were the other cyclopes in Homer’s legendary country. [84], Specific opera and filmworks discussed above, Son of Poseidon and Thoosa in Greek mythology. In another fresco, also dating from the 1st century AD, the two stand locked in a naked embrace (see below). The Odyssey ; Summary ; Book 9; Study Guide. as a land of plenty. [nb 2] The object of Polyphemus’ romantic desire is a sea nymph named Galatea. In Italy Giovanni Bononcini composed the one-act opera Polifemo (1703). Previous Next . A 1st-century fresco depicting Polyphemus and Galatea in a naked embrace. Arnold Böcklin pictures the giant as standing on rocks onshore and swinging one of them back as the men row desperately over a surging wave (see below), while Polyphemus is standing at the top of a cliff in Jean-Léon Gérôme's painting of 1902. "[48] A fragment of a lost idyll by Bion also portrays Polyphemus declaring his undying love for Galatea. Start studying The Odyssey Pt. After Handel's move to England, he gave the story a new treatment in his pastoral opera Acis and Galatea with an English libretto provided by John Gay. the art of pleasing. Again, Polyphemus merges with the cliff where he meditates in the same way that Galatea merges with her element within the grotto in the painting at Musée d'Orsay. It follows Odysseus, king of Ithaca, as he makes his journey back home. Polyphemus (/ˌpɒlɪˈfiːməs/; Greek: Πολύφημος Polyphēmos Epic Greek: [po.lý.pʰɛː.mos]; Latin: Polyphēmus Classical Latin: [pɔ.lʲʏˈpʰeː.mʊs̠]) is the one-eyed giant son of Poseidon and Thoosa in Greek mythology, one of the Cyclopes described in Homer's Odyssey. Hynes Other films that include it have been the 1911 Odissea and the 1955 Ulysses (see external links below). * [68] As a pastoral work it is suffused with Theocritan atmosphere but largely centres on the two lovers. [44][45] However, in a borrowing from Philoxenus’ poem, Polyphemus has discovered that music will heal lovesickness,[46] and so he plays the panpipes and sings of his woes, for "I am skilled in piping as no other Cyclops here”. And, should you ask me, I could not declare By Homer. There is also a reversion to the Homeric vision of the hulking monster, whose attempt to play the tender shepherd singing love songs is made a source of humour by Galatea: Now, Polyphemus, wretched Cyclops, you [nb 5]. Written in Italian, Polifemo's deep bass solo Fra l'ombre e gl'orrori (From horrid shades) establishes his character from the start. The Cyclops, whom the wanderers visit next, contrast most vividly with the Phaeacians. Odysseus tells him "Οὖτις", which means "nobody"[3][4] and Polyphemus promises to eat this "Nobody" last of all. He starts by describing his home—the island of Ithaka of course—and all of the surrounding islands. The date of composition for the Cyclops is not precisely known, but it must be prior to 388 BC, when Aristophanes parodied it in his comedy Plutus (Wealth); and probably after 406 BC, when Dionysius I became tyrant of Syracuse. The satyr play of Euripides is dependent on this episode apart from one detail; for comic effect, Polyphemus is made a pederast in … Odysseus and the Cyclops | Greek Mythological Story | Bedtime StoriesThe Cyclops creatures were lawless, without culture, and ate humans when available. Where Homer's Cyclops was beastly and wicked, Theocritus' is absurd, lovesick and comic. [72] A blank verse narrative with lyric episodes, it celebrates the musicianship of Polyphemus, which draws the lovers to expose themselves from their hiding place in a cave and thus brings about the death of Acis. Sometimes he is … 0 0. His name means "abounding in songs and legends". [69][nb 7] Handel's rival for a while on the London scene, Nicola Porpora, also made the story the subject of his opera Polifemo (1735). Galatea, terrified, dives into the ocean, while the Cyclops wrenches off a piece of the mountain and crushes Acis with it. Galatea admits that she does not love Polyphemus but is pleased to have been chosen by him in preference to all her companions. a race of unintelligent and ferocious shepherds living on the island of His name means "abounding in songs and legends". hyperbole—Irish mythology, legal jargon, journalism, and the Bible, —A nation? Turner, 1829, at Wikipaintings, Galatea Acis e Polifemo, Pietro Dandini, c. 1630, at Art Value, Polyphemus with a massive club, Corneille Van Clève, 1681, at Web Gallery of Art, "The Triumph of Galatea", Francois Perrier, at Web Gallery of Art, "The Triumph of Galatea", Giovanni Lanfranco, Art Clon, The giant spies on Galatea, Gustave Moreau, at Muian, Polyphemus meditates, at French Government culture site, statue of Polyphemus, Auguste Rodin, 1888, at French Government culture site, A wrathful Polyphemus, Annibale Carracci, at Web Gallery of Art, A wrathful Polyphemus, Lucas Auger, at French Government culture site, A wrathful Polyphemus, Carle van Loo, at First Art Gallery. The narrator meets Joe Hynes on the street, and agrees Each one lives roughly and independently, and there is no social organization or justice. Once Polyphemus reaches the sea, he washes his oozing, bloody eye socket and groans painfully. Otherwise he has a massive club held across his body and turns to the left to look over his shoulder. Originally modelled in clay around 1888 and later cast in bronze, they may have been inspired by Ottin's work.[80].